Showing posts with label Understanding Neurofeedback. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Understanding Neurofeedback. Show all posts

Friday, November 9, 2007

What is Neurofeedback

We are able to go about our day because our brain talks to itself with highly complex waves of energy. These internal dialogues allow us to pay attention and focus on what is going on in our world, to remember what it is we want to know or need to do, to go to and stay asleep, and to color our life with emotional actions and reactions.

Medical professionals have known about these electrical conversations for over 60 years. Using a device called the electroencephalogram (EEG), Neurologists (medical doctors that diagnose and treat diseases of the brain and nervous system) record the brain waves of many of his or her patients, looking for distortions in the brain wave patterning to help diagnose seizures and manage epilepsy, and to help diagnose or rule out a brain tumor, blood clot, or stroke in those with such symptoms as black outs, headaches, or unusual behavior.

A few years ago, computer technology advanced to a point in which a brain wave analysis system could be created to break down the complexity of the brain wave patterning. As research evolved, the Quantitative EEG began to reveal that there is much more to brain waves than the detection of brain disease: The technology also helps us determine where and in what way the brain is efficiently doing and not doing its job.

It wasn’t long before biofeedback researchers figured out that when the power of the Quantitative EEG is combined with traditional biofeedback technology, the brain could be led to enhance its own performance. Electrodes placed on the scalp pick up the electrical energy the brain is producing; the brain wave signals are sent to the special computer, which amplifies the signals and rapidly divides the complexity of the brain wave frequencies into small groups of energy; The Neurotherapist/Neurofeedback Trainer (a therapist/trainer specially trained in brain wave training) selects a frequency group known to be important for focus, strategy, or memory, and returns the information back to the brain as audio tones. As the brain “listens” to the computer-generated audio information, it analyzes the tones, just as it does with all incoming information. Noting the one-to-one relationship between the incoming tones and frequencies it is using to perform the task, the brain begins to experiment by increasing or decreasing the energy of the cells responsible for producing that particular frequency. Finding that increasing the firing of specific cells improves its performance and decreasing it makes it worse (or vice versa), the brain begins to activate (or deactivate) cells to enhance and maintain the new level of performance.
The brain, in other words, uses the computer generated tones to do what it was designed to do by nature: Use information coming in from the outside world to learn or teach itself something. In this instance, the “something” it learns is that increasing (or decreasing) certain frequencies helps it focus better, to understand incoming information more quickly and accurately, and to execute complex tasks in an easier, more efficient way.

There is a fundamental difference between traditional instrumented biofeedback and the more recently developed Neurofeedback. Biofeedback helps us learn to take conscious control of our internal terrain for better management of stress and stress-related health problems. With Neurofeedback, however, it is not “us” that learns the new behavior: It is our brain. Just as “we” learned to walk and ride a bike, all “we” need do is go through the motions. (In this case, sit with electrodes on our head and play a video game or watch a video.) Our brain quickly and easily learns what it needs to do to learn and perform complex tasks in a more efficient way.

What is Biofeedback

We are truly “learning machines.” Our nervous system senses what is going on in the environment – the brain quickly processes and analyzes the new information – nerve cells fire and connect into performance circuits – we function and respond to what is going on in the world. This is “physiological” biofeedback defined: Information in – process and integrate – respond and interact.

Using the power of physiological biofeedback, our brain and nervous system quickly learns highly complex processes:

• When you were just a tiny baby, you started walking by rolling over in your crib. You were soon up on your hands and knees, rocking to and fro. In no time at all, you were crawling around the place, quickly finding the edge of the coffee table, and pulling yourself up. Then, to your parents delight, you tentatively put one foot in front of the other as someone held your hands high in the air. Finally, the big day: You took the courage to let go of everything and everybody and took your first step! From that day forward, there was no stopping you. You were all over the house, running from room to room, getting into all kinds of mischief.

• When you got your first bike/cycle, one of your parents probably helped by holding the bike upright and running along side as you turned the pedals. You glanced down to see where your hands and feet were, then up to see where you were going, all the while trying to keep the handle bars straight so you wouldn’t crash into something. In spite of having to learn so many unfamiliar and complex tasks all at once, you quickly coordinated everything you needed to do, and off you went on your own. In just a few hours, you had gone from walking to riding. You now whistled merrily along, waving to all your friends as you pedaled by.

Everyone physically and mentally able learns many complex tasks in his or her life. And, instruction manuals are not necessary. Billions of people have learned to walk and millions can ride a bike, for example, yet the local library has no “how-to” books on walking or riding a bike. The reason for this absence is that it isn’t “you” that learns these new tasks: It is your brain. All you needed was the desire to learn it, and the willingness to go through the motions.

Our brain is very smart. It quickly learns what it needs to do for us to live our life. And, whatever our brain learns and practices becomes an integral part of whom and what we are. We walk from room to room with no conscious thought, absent mindedly stick food into our mouth as we read a magazine, and, even if we haven’t ridden for years, we can probably hop on a bike, and, with a few wobbles, be riding as good as before. Unless damaged by drugs, toxins, physical or emotional trauma, or some disease process, our brain never forgets what we need to know: It remembers for a lifetime.

But, as we have all experienced, day-to-day stresses can cause our brain to go into overload, causing various systems to become compromised, even spin out of control. Examples are common: Severe headaches, low back, neck, and shoulder pain from chronic muscle tension, chronic digestive and bowel problems as the brain and body internalize gnawing stress, depression or anxiety can come from an over or under aroused autonomic nervous system (the “fight or flight versus relaxation” response), and, if the immune system turns on itself, allergies and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. When our brain/body rebels from the stresses of our hectic world, we may discover that we have little or no idea of how to alleviate the
discomfort. The reason for this lack of direction is a lack of detection: It was our brain/body that learned how to control and manage these internal functions. “We” (our conscious “self”) probably don’t have the knowledge, the “insider information,” to take conscious control and change what is going on inside our body.

The discovery and development of “instrumented” (computer assisted) biofeedback gives us the power to work with our brain/body so it can re-learn what it learned in years past. When a sensor or electrode is placed on an appropriate location on our body and plugged into an appropriate electronic biofeedback device, we can use the built-in tones, lights, or meter to make us aware of what is going on inside our body. With this information, we can work directly with our physiology to change our internal terrain. By learning to raise our hand temperature with Temperature Biofeedback Training, for example, we can learn to calm an over-aroused and out of control nervous system to relieve migraine headaches, lower blood pressure, and better manage stress. EMG (muscle) Biofeedback, as another example, allows us to learn to manage tension headaches and calm various stress-related neck and shoulder pains. With the appropriate technology and proper instruction, these changes are remarkably quick and easy for most to learn: Mastery is usually accomplished in just a few sessions.

Once we learn self-regulation with instrumented biofeedback, we can normally recreate the experience years later without the biofeedback device. We have better life tools with which to deal with the negative effects of stress-related discomforts

Thursday, November 8, 2007

Neurofeedback - Brain Function Training

Neurofeedback & Biofeedback is helpful in the following indications:

Optimal Performance for Students, Executives, Sports personnel
Lack of Concentration, Focus, Attention for Students & Adults
Epilepsy
Learning Disabilities
Attention Deficit Disorder(ADD/ADHD)
Autism
Memory Problems
Depression
Stress & Anxiety Problems
Migraine
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders
Sleeping Disorders
Frequent mood swings
Reading & Spelling Problems
Brain Injury
Dyslexia

The process starts with a complete assessment of the individual with QEEG(Quantitative Electroencephelograph) and HEG(Hemoencephelograph) followed by one to one training program.

Tuesday, November 6, 2007

FAQ of Neurofeedback training



What is Neurofeedback?

Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback. Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback. The body has a limited capacity to sense information coming from inside itself. However, if you monitor any biological process, amplify it, and feed it back to the brain, your brain can change it. As an example, if your place a special skin thermometer on your finger, you can raise or lower its temperature at will just by focusing on the gauge. Neurofeedback is the monitoring of brain waves with the goal of changing the patterns that cause problems. It is the modern application of the EEG (electroencephalogram) machine.

Q: Could you explain more about brainwaves?

Your brain produces four distinct types of brain waves, which are labeled in Greek letters. People usually have a mixture of frequencies at any given time, but the dominant frequency varies depending on the state of consciousness and on individual differences. Beta is considered to be the fast waves, measuring 15 Hertz and above. Alpha is 8-12 Hertz. Theta is 4-7 Hertz. Delta is 0.5-3.5 Hertz. Normal focused waking state consists of primarily Beta waves in the brain. When you close your eyes and relax, Alpha tends to be produced. Theta normally is only produced briefly when you are starting to fall asleep. Delta is normally produced when you are asleep. When you have brain irregularities caused by injury, your brain may have too much theta or delta being produced when you are supposed to be awake and alert.
By learning to inhibit this abnormal amount of theta or delta, a person can make great improvements in their problem. Excessive worry or anxiety is usually associated with too high of Beta in the frontal cortex. When a person learns to reduce the amplitude of this frequency, they become more relaxed and calm, and results last permanently.

Q: How long does the training take?

Sessions are usually one to three times per week, but each person is different. Some receive benefit after the very first session, but most notice an improvement within the first eight. How many sessions a person needs for completion depends on the type of problem, the age of the person, and many other factors. Typically ADD requires about 20-45 sessions. Application for alcoholism takes 30 to 40 sessions. Depression and anxiety resolves in about 20-30 sessions, although improvements are often noticed far sooner.

Q: How can I expect to feel after a session?

Depending on what frequency is being trained, you may feel a little tired, as if you worked hard, or sleepy and a little spacey for a while after the session. This goes away typically in 30 minutes. This is natural, as you are doing the equivalent of aerobic training or weight-lifting with your brain.

Q: Will the training last, or is it temporary?

The type of neurofeedback training we offer here is permanent. Neurofeedback helps to improve functions such as concentration, short-term memory, speech, motor skills, sleep, energy level, and emotional balance. The results of the training are permanent unless another trauma or injury occurs.

Q: Can neurofeedback help with ADD and ADHD?

Recent research suggests that individuals with ADD/ADHD tend to have elevated theta brainwave activity and low levels of beta brainwave activity. Symptoms of ADD/ADHD are usually reduced when brainwave activity is changed. Neurofeedback is commonly used as an adjunct or alternative treatment to medication and behavior management.
Most adults and children who have ADD/ADHD report improvement in the areas of 1) school and job performance due to an increased ability to focus, pay attention, and concentrate and 2) social relationships due to an increased ability to demonstrate self-control.

Q: What is ADD/ADHD?

Attention-Deficit Disorder is separated into two types: Inattentive Type (ADD) and Hyperactive-Impulsive Type (ADHD). People with ADD usually exhibit one or more of the following symptoms: inattention, distractibility, disorganization, daydreaming, lack of foresight, carelessness, forgetfulness, lack of motivation, lack of persistence, and procrastination.
People with ADHD typically exhibit one or more some of the following symptoms: hyperactivity, fidgeting, restlessness, excessive talking, and impulsivity. Individuals with ADD or ADHD often have significant difficulties with learning, concentration, school or job achievement, behavior control, social relationships, and self-esteem.

Q: Is there anything you can suggest for me to do so that I improve my training sessions?

Yes, eat a high-protein, low-sugar diet. Do light exercise, walk, or swim as often as possible. You should drink 8-10 glasses of water daily. You should get plenty of sleep, especially just before and just after your session. If possible, avoid all refined sugars and aspartame. If you like red meat, eat lean meat. If you are a vegetarian, include whole proteins in your diet. Take nutritional supplements to maintain a healthy body and brain.

Q: If I am on prescription drugs, can I stop taking them?

Your physician is the only one who can advise you to reduce, increase, or eliminate dosages for you. Never attempt to change your prescription without medical advice. It’s important that you notify your physician you are receiving EEG neurotherapy. Children with ADD and adults with genetic unipolar depressions are often able to gradually decrease or even discontinue their medication. Keep in contact with your physician.

Q: What if I am taking medications?

Most medications do not interfere with getting results with EEG neurofeedback. The exceptions are benzodiazepines and muscle analgesics.

Q: How much does this training cost?

Please contact me for fee arrangements. I strive to make my services affordable. I conduct initial 60-minute valuations where I perform an intake screening to get a history of your symptoms and how they adversely affect your life. I ask about your medical and family history. When appropriate, I conduct a full EEG brain map where I take amplitude readings of all frequency bands on 10 different sites on the scalp. I use a special software program that analyzes the data and I review the results with my clients. Subsequent neurofeedback training sessions typically last 45-50 minutes total.

Q: Do I need to worry about this equipment doing something to me?

No, the equipment does not send any electricity into you or in any other way do anything to you. It works like a mirror, showing you how your brain is functioning, and telling you if you are on the right track.

Q: Are there any other terms for Neurofeedback?

Yes, it is also called neurotherapy, EEG biofeedback and brainwave biofeedback.

Wednesday, October 31, 2007

What is EEG Neurofeedback

What is EEG Biofeedback or Neurofeedback Training all about?

Do you sometimes have the experience of working through a problem, and you just lose your thought?

Does it seem like your brain is changing channels on you?

Do you know the feeling of wanting to listen to somebody, but pretty soon you catch yourself thinking about something else?

Have you ever experienced wanting to follow through on a project, but one thing or another keeps distracting you?

Have you been criticised for doing something and you don't remember doing it? Are you sometimes bothered by your own behaviour?

Do you think the way others judge you is unfair?

Your brain is part of who you are, but sometimes it may seem like your brain has a mind of its own. Sometimes your brain doesn't do what you want it to. Perhaps you and your parents/teachers have never thought about it in those terms. When people complain about your behaviour, or your inattention, they are talking to you, and blaming you. They are not saying, perhaps your brain is not functioning well today. However, scientists today are discovering ways of seeing the brain in action when it is working on a problem. And we can see differences when some brains have problems with learning disabilities, with paying attention, with behaviour etc. By putting electrodes on the scalp, we can listen to the electrical activity of the brain. This is called the "electroencephalogram" or EEG.

The electrical noise the brain puts out can tell us how well it is working. Much of the brain's activity is rhythmic, like music, or like waves on the ocean. And just as the ocean has rough and quiet times so the brain also shows us rough (difficult) and easy times. With a little feedback to the brain we can begin to train the brain to calm the rough seas and work more smoothly. What is feedback all about? Apart from all the other things the brain has to do, it also has to watch itself do it. It has to pay attention to itself, and control itself. This is called internal feedback. We can now add external feedback loops which tell the brain how it is doing. Your brain can be taught to raise the temperature of your hand. This is called biofeedback. If we give the brain feedback on its own electrical activity, we call it EEG biofeedback or neurofeedback.

With EEG biofeedback your brain can learn to control itself better. EEG biofeedback is being used by clinicians and scientists to help with a variety of conditions such as attention, learning and behaviour problems. However, there is still more research needed to answer questions like what distinguishes those who benefit from training; what changes really take place in the brain as a result of training; what are the long term benefits of training; how does this training compare to the effects of medication for certain conditions. This training is offered on the basis of past work where results have shown that it has helped children with their homework, do better in sports and improve their relationships with family and friends. It is also recognised that children have problems today that will not wait until researchers have sorted everything out.

Training is guided along the way based on the results that we get. We need to work out the best kind of training to do for each person. Since our brain has two hemispheres, or halves, and because they function differently, we have to train them differently, and then we have to train them to talk to each other more easily. Everyone may be just a little different to everyone else, and we have to work that out too. Testing will be done at the outset, and throughout the training process in order to monitor progress in the training. Other testing or referral to other specialists may be necessary to guide the training and to achieve the maximum benefits. You will probably have lots of questions as you go through training. Please feel free to ask them at any point as the training works best if you know what it is all about, and if it has your full commitment and interest.

The training won't feel like work to you, but your brain will be working all along trying to figure things out. Your part is to pay attention to the process as best you can, and that may not be easy for you. It helps if you care about the results. The program is about making your brain function better for you, so that some of the things that are difficult for you now will function better in auto-pilot mode. This program is something you can do for yourself. No one can make you do it, or make you care. That has to come from you. But if you go through the program, I believe that you will benefit from it over the long term, and in fact you may just end up being very proud of what you have achieved.

What can you expect to get out of the training?

You are the captain of a sort of team--- namely all of the mental and emotional resources that your brain possesses. This training is about making you a better captain, and also about making all the players on the team know their jobs and be able to cooperate better. Whilst in most children with learning, attention and behaviour problems, all the different players on the team are by themselves capable, it is the working together and the interaction that isn't going well. This training is about getting the internal teamwork going. When the brain is trained and functional, it doesn't have to worry about getting things done.

Things simply get done. For example, if you ride a bicycle well, you don't even have to think about what to do while you are riding. You do it automatically. So, brainwave training, as EEG Biofeedback is also called, is about making a better auto-pilot. Things need to run on automatic pilot. You shouldn't have to work at paying attention; you shouldn't have to strain at reading; you shouldn't have to force yourself to be interested in something. If your brain works well, then these things should take care of themselves. However, you have lived with your brain all your life, and you may not be aware that what is hard for you may be easy for lots of other people. It may seem almost unfair that when your brain is working well, it is also not working very hard. Success in this training should mean that the hard things get easier for you. Putting things into auto-pilot mode is also important because the brain has to take care of many things at once. For example, while you work on a maths problem in class, you can still be attentive for the moment when the teacher wants your attention back. So, the more we can make things easier for your brain to handle, and the more we can put things into auto-pilot mode, the more your brain can pay attention at the higher levels to what is really important.

In summary then, this training can be very important for your future. We are talking about the brain you will be depending upon for the rest of your life. For more information call Murali at +91 94440 57017 and fix up your appointment for a free counselling or simply mail your queries at rainmakers.murali@gmail.com